馮滬祥

《二十四詩品》是古代漢族詩歌美學和詩歌理論的專著。舊提為晚唐司空圖所撰，實則作者存疑。《二十四詩品》繼承了道家、玄學家的美學思想,以道家哲學為主要思想，以自然淡遠為審美基礎，囊括了諸多漢族詩歌藝術風格和美學意境，將漢族詩歌所創造的風格、境界分類。通篇充盈道家氣息。道是宇宙的本體和生命，生髮天地萬物，二十四詩品也是道所生髮的二十四種美學境界。

司空圖的詩歌理論，主要強調“思與境偕”，“象外之象”、“景外之景”以及“韻外之致”、“味外之旨”。

司空圖《詩品》

勁健第八

行神如空，行氣如虹。

巫峽千尋，走雲連風。

飲真茹強，蓄素守中。

喻彼行健，是謂存雄。

天地與立：神化攸同。

期之以實，禦之以終。

——（儒家之大合唱）

Sikong Tu, Categories of Poetry

Category #8, The Vigorous and Forceful

Creative Spirit prevails

As in the Great Hollow;

Great Force prevails

As stretches the rainbow.

Or, again, like the clouds, so to speak,

Racing, as the winds do,

Across the lofty peaks

Of the Gorges of Wu!

Drink of the fount of Spirituality!

And feed on the supply of Force!

Store up the capital of Simplicity,

And keep to the Mean as the core of cores!

Lo that great Creative Advance, how bravely vigorous!

Its gaits: As lure to perpetuation of Power for all of us!

Co-exist and Co-work with Heaven and Earth,

And identify yourself with the Divine Transformation.

Seek to be fulfilled with such intrinsic worth

As is always at your command for consummation!

---- The chorus of Comfucianism

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雄渾第一

大用外腓，真體內充。

返虛入渾，積健為雄。

具備萬物，橫絕太空。

荒荒油雲，寥寥長風。

超以象外，得其環中。

持之非強，來之無窮。

——（道家之大合唱）

Chapter Category 1, The Great and Sublime

The Great Force tends to expand outwardly;

Authenticity charges inwardly.

Reverse to Vacuity, dwell in Fusion,

Strength thus funded makes powerful expression.

Encompassing myriad things in an embrace,

And sweeping across the boundless space.

It moves like clouds in fluidity,

Sustained by the winds from Infinity.

Transcend all objects, all forms all around,

Hold to the Great Center of the Great Round.

Thus come forth the Forceful spontaneously,

And the Sublime inexhaustibly.

---- The chorus of Daoism

摘自《橡林譯穗》

孫志燊教授，原臺灣大學哲學系主任，旅美學者